Category: Personal Injury

Premises liability law involves the legal responsibility of owners and occupiers of property for injuries suffered by persons on the property. One of the most common causes of such injuries is a trip or slip and fall, such as on an icy sidewalk, a loose or uneven stair tread, or a piece of debris or spilled liquid on the floor. The actual liability of the responsible individuals varies depending on the rules and principles adopted in the jurisdiction where the mishap occurred. An experienced premises liability lawyer can determine whether liability may exist in a particular case and help an injured person recover damages for lost wages, medical bills, and pain and suffering.

General Premises Liability Principles in Personal Injury Cases

Some states’ premises liability laws focus on the status of the visitor to the property. In such states, the plaintiff is generally defined as either an invitee, a licensee, or a trespasser. An invitee is someone who is expressly or impliedly invited onto the property of another. The owner owes the invitee the highest duty of care, which includes taking every reasonable precaution to ensure the invitee’s safety. A licensee, by contrast, enters the property for his or her own purposes but is present at the consent of the owner. The owner is required to warn a licensee of hidden dangers, but is not necessarily required to fix them. And finally, a trespasser enters without any right whatsoever to do so. In the case of adult trespassers, the owner has no duty of care and need not take reasonable care of his property or warn of hidden dangers.

Even if the plaintiff is a trespasser, he or she may still be able to recover, however, if the plaintiff can show that the owner knew it was likely that trespassers would enter the property. And children are owed a higher duty of care, regardless of whether they are considered trespassers. A landowner’s duty to warn is also heightened with respect to children.

In states where consideration is given to the condition of the property and the activities of the owner and visitor, a uniform standard of care is applied to both invitees and licensees. This uniform standard requires the exercise of reasonable care for the safety of visitors other than trespassers. In order to satisfy the reasonableness standard owed to invitees and licensees, an owner has a continuing duty to inspect the property, identify dangerous conditions, and either repair them or post warnings as appropriate.

In proving a premises liability case, a plaintiff must show that the standard of reasonableness required by an owner has not been met. Perhaps the highest hurdle that a plaintiff must overcome relates to the owner’s knowledge. The plaintiff must prove that the owner had or should have had knowledge of the condition in order for liability to attach, which is often quite often difficult to establish.

One of the commonly applied theories to limit a plaintiff’s recovery is comparative or contributory fault. A visitor has a duty, in most cases, to exercise reasonable care for his or her own safety, and when that degree of care is not exercised, the plaintiff’s recovery may be limited or reduced by an amount attributable to his or her own negligence.

Slip & Fall Personal Injury Cases

Slip and fall injuries are, as the name implies, injuries that occur when a person slips, usually on a foreign substance or as a result of a dangerous condition, and falls. A common slip and fall case occurs when someone slips on an icy sidewalk in front of a business, or a customer in a grocery store slips on a grape, lettuce leaf, or other food item that has fallen on the floor and been overlooked by the proprietor.

The premises owner may or may not be liable for the plaintiff’s injuries in these common scenarios. Although owners and possessors of real property have a duty to exercise reasonable care to maintain the premises to protect lawful visitors, if a condition of the premises is noticed by a customer or other visitor or should be readily apparent, the property owner may avoid liability because the plaintiff has a duty to protect himself or herself against the injury. The property owner may also avoid liability by establishing that the debris had so recently fallen on the floor or that the ice had so recently accumulated that the responsible persons had no reasonable opportunity to correct the condition and avoid the hazard before the plaintiff fell. In other words, the plaintiff in a slip and fall case, whether it occurs in a grocery store or elsewhere, must show that the owner had a reasonable period of time in which to discover the dangerous condition and in which to remedy it. The determination of what constitutes a reasonable time will vary from case to case.